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Tieng Anh Vui
Barack Obama: "We're not considering any boots on the ground approach"
President Barack Obama has said the US is considering a "limited narrow act" in response to the alleged use of chemical weapons by the Syrian army.
Mr Obama stressed that no "final decision" had been made, but ruled out putting American "boots on the ground".
Citing a US intelligence assessment, Secretary of State John Kerry accused Syria of using chemical weapons to kill 1,429 people, including 426 children.
Syria said the US claim was "full of lies", blaming rebels for the attack.
Syrian President Bashar al-Assad earlier said his country would defend itself against any Western "aggression". French President Francois Hollande has reaffirmed his support for the US stance.
US Secretary of State John Kerry did far more than set out a moral case for military action.
What he did was make it impossible for President Barack Obama to back away from it. He said if the US didn't act, history would judge them harshly.
If they turned a blind eye, it would embolden dictators in Iran and North Korea and leave the US without credibility in the world.
Mr Obama has made similar points himself. It is not the first time Kerry has made the case. But these were the strongest words yet.
When Mr Obama spoke he sounded pretty downbeat by comparison, although he too pointed firmly towards some form of action.
But he was keen to stress that any action would be limited, unlike Afghanistan or Iraq, and would not involve boots on the ground.
There are increasing mutterings from Congress, asking him how certain he is of that.
But Russia - a key ally of Syria - has warned that "any unilateral military action bypassing the UN Security Council" would be a "direct violation of international law".
World's 'obligation'
Speaking on Friday, President Obama said the alleged attack in Damascus' suburbs on 21 August was "a challenge to the world" that threatened America's "national security interests".
"We cannot accept a world where women and children and innocent civilians are gassed on a terrible scale.
"The world has an obligation to make sure that we maintain the norm against the use of chemical weapons."
But the US leader stressed that Washington was "looking at the possibility of a limited, narrow act", and there would be "no boots on the ground" or "long-term campaign".
Mr Obama comments came shortly after Secretary of State John Kerry laid out a raft of what Washington said was a "high confidence" intelligence assessment about the attack.
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The main findings of the released unclassified summary state that:
- the attack killed 1,429 people, including 426 children
- Syrian military chemical weapons personnel were operating in the area in the three days before the attack
- Satellite evidence shows rockets launched from government-held areas 90 minutes before first report of chemical attack
- 100 videos attributed to the attack show symptoms consistent with exposure to nerve agent
- Communications were intercepted involving a senior Damascus official who "confirmed chemical weapons were used" and was concerned about UN inspectors obtaining evidence
The US said its assessment was backed by accounts from medical personnel, witnesses, journalists, videos and thousands of social media reports.
Analysis
There is no doubt that a chemical weapons attack took place but not such a compelling case on who did it. The evidence tying this attack directly to the Assad regime was largely circumstantial and asserted - not revealed.
What we would like are the details of the conversations, who carried them out and the background. This is one of the conundrums of intelligence - the reluctance of the people who collect it to reveal in detail what they collected because of the fear of loss of sources and methods.
Another key element missing is why is this important to US national security and important enough where we would consider a military attack because doubts persist in the US about why we should do this. About 100,000 died before from conventional munitions and we did nothing.
And Kerry did not in the same compelling fashion that he laid the chemical attack at the regime's feet explain why he was certain that a US military attack would bring the Syrian regime to the negotiating table.
UN chemical weapons inspectors are investigating the alleged poison-gas attacks and are expected present preliminary findings to the UN after they leave Damascus on Saturday.
However, it may be two weeks before final results were ready, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon told diplomats.
But Mr Kerry said the US already had the facts, and nothing that the inspectors found could tell the world anything new.
He also described Mr Assad as "a thug and a murderer".
In response, Syria's state-run news agency Sana said Mr Kerry was using "material based on old stories which were published by terrorists over a week ago".
'Strong message'
The UN Security Council is unlikely to approve any military intervention because of opposition from Russia - one of the five permanent members.
Moscow, along with China, has vetoed two previous draft resolutions on Syria.
The US was also dealt a blow on Thursday when the UK parliament rejected a motion supporting the principle of military intervention.
The vote rules the UK out of any potential military alliance.
British Prime Minister David Cameron and Mr Obama spoke over the telephone on Friday, agreeing to continue to co-operate on international issues.
The president told Mr Cameron he "fully respected" the approach taken by the UK government.
US officials said they would continue to push for a coalition, and France said it was ready to take action in Syria alongside the US.
Mr Obama and French President Francois Hollande discussed the issue in a telephone conversation on Friday, Paris said.
It said that both leaders wanted to send Damascus a "strong message" to condemn the alleged use of chemical weapons.
Unlike Britain, neither France nor the US needs parliamentary approval for military action.
Another US ally, Turkey, called for action similar to the Nato bombing raids in the former Yugoslavia in 1999.
Nato carried out 70 days of air strikes to protect civilians from attack in Kosovo, despite not having a UN resolution.
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan also said that any military intervention should be aimed at toppling Mr Assad.
Sarin stockpile
The use of chemical weapons is banned under several treaties, and considered illegal under customary international humanitarian law.
The Syrian army is known to have stockpiles of chemical agents including sarin gas.
Earlier accounts of the attack in Damascus quoted officials from medical charity Medicins Sans Frontieres as saying 355 people had been killed.
The UN inspectors have collected various samples that will now be examined in laboratories across the world.
The UN team is not mandated to apportion blame for the attacks.
More than 100,000 people are estimated to have died since the conflict erupted in Syria in March 2011, and the conflict has produced at least 1.7 million refugees.
Forces which could be used against Syria:
• Four US destroyers - USS Gravely, USS Ramage, USS Barry and USS Mahan - are in the eastern Mediterranean, equipped with cruise missiles. The missiles can also be fired from submarines, but the US Navy does not reveal their locations
• Airbases at Incirlik and Izmir in Turkey, and in Jordan, could be used to carry out strikes
• Two aircraft carriers - USS Nimitz and USS Harry S Truman are in the wider region
• French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle is currently in Toulon in the western Mediterranean
• French Raffale and Mirage aircraft can also operate from Al-Dhahra airbase in the UAE
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